This market for smartcard applications is the one with the highest growth rate, driven by American initiatives. Contactless technology is unavoidable when talking about secure ID. Culturally, digital procedures and electronic signatures still need to win users' trust.
The identity and security market is still emerging and requires standardization to facilitate interoperability at an international level. But these standards are not yet defined, the devices to read the passports are not present everywhere, security rules are specific to countries, not standardized, etc.
At an international level, the electronic part of the electronic passport meets specifications set out by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The basic mechanism enabling improvement of document security via electronic means is Passive Authentication, making it broadly possible to sign data associated with the bearer of the passport (textual data, facial image, digital fingerprints).
Biometric passports have been required since October 2006 in the USA, and issued since June 2009 in France. The only visual difference with an electronic passport is the word passport underlined on the cover. As well as the digital identity photograph, personal details and two digital fingerprints contained on the electronic chip, the passport is linked to the DELPHINE application, the first national biometric file used for administrative purposes.
Source: "Dimension économique et industrielle des cartes à puces" - November 2009 - PIPAME (French Interministerial Economic Change, Forward-Planning and Forecasting Unit)